PTFE a me Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA)

He aha ka PTFE a me ka PFOA?Aia i hea lākou?

He inoa inoa ʻo PTFE no kahi kemika i hana ʻia e ke kanaka i kapa ʻia ʻo polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).Ua hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke kālepa mai ka makahiki 1940.Nui kona hoʻohana ʻana no ka mea paʻa loa ia (ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopili me nā mea kemika ʻē aʻe) a hiki ke hāʻawi i kahi ʻili liʻiliʻi ʻole.Ua kamaʻāina ka hapa nui o ka poʻe iā ia ma ke ʻano he ʻili pani non-stick no nā pā a me nā mea kuke ʻē aʻe.Hoʻohana ʻia ia i nā huahana ʻē aʻe he nui, e like me nā mea pale lole. ʻO ka perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo C8, he mea kemika i hana ʻia e ke kanaka.Hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka hana ʻana i ka polymer a me nā kinikona like (i ʻike ʻia he fluoorotelomers), ʻoiai ua puhi ʻia i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana a ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka nui o nā huahana hope loa. Hiki i ka PFOA ke lilo i pilikia olakino noho ma ke kaiapuni a ma ke kino o ke kanaka no ka manawa loihi.Ua ʻike nā haʻawina aia ia ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa ma nā pae haʻahaʻa loa i loko o ke koko o kēlā me kēia kanaka.Ua ʻike ʻia nā pae koko kiʻekiʻe ma nā kamaʻāina kaiāulu kahi i haumia ai nā lako wai kūloko e PFOA.Hiki i ka poʻe i ʻike ʻia i ka PFOA ma ka wahi hana ke loaʻa nā pae i nā manawa he nui. Hiki ke loaʻa ka PFOA a me kekahi mau pūhui like ma nā pae haʻahaʻa i kekahi mau meaʻai, wai inu, a ma ka lepo o ka hale.ʻOiai he haʻahaʻa nā pae PFOA i ka wai inu, hiki ke piʻi aʻe ma kekahi mau wahi, e like me nā mea kanu kemika kokoke i hoʻohana i ka PFOA. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā kānaka i ka PFOA mai ka wax ski a i ʻole mai nā lole a me nā kāmeka i mālama ʻia e pale i ka lepo. .ʻAʻole ʻo nā mea kuke lāʻau lāʻau he kumu nui o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka PFOA.ʻO ka PTFE a me ka PFOA ke kumu o ka maʻi kanesa?PTFEPTFEʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ke kumu o ka maʻi kanesa.PFOANui nā haʻawina i nā makahiki i hala iho nei i nānā i ka hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia ka maʻi maʻi PFOA.Hoʻohana ka poʻe noiʻi i 2 mau ʻano haʻawina nui e hoʻāʻo e noʻonoʻo inā hiki i ia mea ke kumu i ka maʻi kanesa.Nā haʻawina i loko o ka labMa nā haʻawina i hana ʻia i loko o ka lab, ʻike ʻia nā holoholona i kahi mea (pinepine i nā ʻano nui loa) e ʻike inā he kumu ia i nā maʻi koko a i ʻole nā ​​​​pilikia olakino.Hiki i nā mea noiʻi ke hōʻike aku i nā pūnaewele kanaka i loko o kahi kīʻaha lab i ka waiwai e ʻike ai inā he kumu ia i nā ʻano hoʻololi i ʻike ʻia i loko o nā pūnana maʻi maʻi. mammary glands (mau umauma), a me ka pancreas i loko o kēia mau holoholona.Ma keʻano laulā, hana maikaʻi nā haʻawina i mālama ʻia i nā holoholona i ka wānana ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa i loko o nā kānaka.Akā ʻaʻole maopopo inā like ke ʻano o kēia kemika i ka pilikia o ka maʻi kanesa i loko o nā holoholona e like me ke kanaka.Haʻawina i loko o ke kanakaKe nānā nei kekahi mau ʻano haʻawina i ka nui o ka maʻi kanesa ma nā hui like ʻole.Hiki i kēia mau haʻawina ke hoʻohālikelike i ka nui o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi i loko o kahi hui i ʻike ʻia i kahi mea me ka nui o ka maʻi kanesa i loko o kahi hui i ʻike ʻole ʻia, a i ʻole e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka nui o ka maʻi kanesa i ka lehulehu.Akā i kekahi manawa he mea paʻakikī ke ʻike i ke ʻano o nā hopena o kēia mau ʻano haʻawina, no ka mea he nui nā kumu ʻē aʻe e pili ana i nā hopena.Ua manaʻo kekahi o kēia mau haʻawina i ka piʻi ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi testicular me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka PFOA.Ua hōʻike pū ʻia nā haʻawina e pili ana i ka maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai a me ka maʻi maʻi thyroid, akā ua liʻiliʻi ka piʻi ʻana o ka pilikia a ma muli paha o ka manawa.ʻAʻole naʻe i loaʻa i nā haʻawina nā loulou like ʻole, a pono e noiʻi hou aku e wehewehe i kēia mau ʻike.ʻO ka ʻōlelo a nā ʻoihana loeaKe noiʻi nei kekahi mau keʻena aupuni a me ka honua i nā ʻano mea like ʻole o ke kaiapuni e hoʻoholo ai inā hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoulu i ka maʻi kanesa.(ʻO kahi mea e hoʻoulu ai i ka maʻi kanesa a i ʻole kōkua i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi kanesa ua kapa ʻia ʻo akino kino.) Ke nānā nei ka American Cancer Society i kēia mau hui e loiloi i nā pilikia e pili ana i nā hōʻike mai ke keʻena hoʻokolohua, holoholona, ​​a me nā noiʻi kanaka.ʻOihana no ka noiʻi ʻana no ka maʻi kanesa (IARC)he ʻāpana ia o ka World Health Organization (WHO).ʻO kekahi o kāna pahuhopu ka ʻike ʻana i nā kumu o ka maʻi kanesa.Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻo IARC i ka PFOA ma ke ʻano he "carcinogenic i nā kānaka" (Group 2B), ma muli o nā hōʻike liʻiliʻi i nā kānaka e hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka maʻi maʻi testicular a me ka puʻupaʻa, a me nā hōʻike liʻiliʻi i nā holoholona lab. ʻIke ʻia a hiki paha i nā maʻi kino kanaka.) ʻAmelikaʻOihana Hoʻomalu Kaiapuni (EPA)mālama i ka Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), kahi waihona uila e loaʻa ai ka ʻike e pili ana i nā hopena olakino o ke kanaka mai ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea like ʻole o ke kaiapuni.ʻAʻole i hoʻopaʻa inoa ka EPA i ka PFOA e like me kona carcinogenicity. Ma kahi hōʻike (ʻaʻole hope), ua nānā ka EPA's Scientific Advisory Board i nā hōʻike e pili ana i ka PFOA, mai nā noiʻi ʻana i nā holoholona lab, a ʻōlelo ʻia aia he "hōʻike manaʻo o ka carcinogenicity. akā ʻaʻole lawa ka nānā ʻana i ka hiki ke carcinogenic kanaka.Ua ʻae ka papa e noʻonoʻo ʻia nā hōʻike hou i ka wā e loaʻa ai.He aha ka hana e pili ana i ka PFOA?ʻAʻole ʻike nui ʻia nā hopena lōʻihi o ka PFOA a me nā mea like ʻole, akā ua nui ka hopohopo e koi ai i kahi hoʻāʻo e hoʻopau i nā hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā ʻoihana.He ʻuʻuku wale nō o nā hui i hoʻohana i kēia mau kemika i ka hana ʻana i nā makahiki i hala.Eia hou, ma 2006, ua ʻae ka EPA a me nā mea hana 8 i hoʻohana i ka PFOA i kēlā manawa i kahi "papahana hoʻokele."ʻO nā pahuhopu no nā hui e hōʻemi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka hale hana a me nā pae ʻike huahana o PFOA e 95% ma ka makahiki 2010, a e hoʻopau i ka PFOA mai nā hoʻokuʻu a me nā mea i loko o ka huahana ma ka hopena o 2015. Ua waiho nā hui i nā hōʻike makahiki no ko lākou holomua i ka ʻO ka EPA, a me nā hōʻike hou loa i hōʻike i ka emi nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau kemika.ʻO ka emi ʻana o ka noi no ka PFOA ua alakaʻi pū i nā hui he nui e hoʻopau i ka hana.Eia nō naʻe, i ka makahiki 2009, ua hoʻokuʻu ka EPA i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo olakino olakino (PHA) no PFOA a me PFOS i ka wai inu.Manaʻo kēia mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e hana ʻia nā hana e hōʻemi i ka ʻike ʻana i ka wā e piʻi ai nā mea haumia ma luna o kekahi pae i loko o ka wai inu - 0.4 µg/L (micrograms per liter) no PFOA a me 0.2 µg/L no PFOS.ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia kēia mau ʻōlelo aʻo i nā kūlana federal a hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ke loaʻa ka ʻike hou.Pono anei au e hana i nā mea e pale aku ai iaʻu iho, e like me ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻana i kaʻu pā i uhi ʻia i ka polymer?Ma waho aʻe o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hōʻailona like me ka maʻi maʻi ma muli o ka hanu ʻana i ka uahi mai kahi pā i uhi ʻia i ka polymer overheated, ʻaʻohe pilikia i ʻike ʻia i ke kanaka mai ka hoʻohana ʻana.PTFE-mea kuke i uhi ʻia.ʻOiai ke hoʻohana ʻia nei ka PFOA i ka hana ʻana i ka polymer, ʻaʻole i loaʻa (a i ʻole i nā mea liʻiliʻi loa) i nā huahana polymer-coated. e hoemi i ko lakou ike.Wahi a ka US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), ʻike ʻia ka poʻe nona ka wai inu maʻamau i ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā pae maʻamau o PFOA a i ʻole nā ​​​​kemika like ʻole e noʻonoʻo e hoʻohana i ka wai hue a i ʻole ke kau ʻana i nā kānana wai kalapona.

No ka poʻe e hopohopo nei ua ʻike ʻia paha lākou i nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka PFOA, hiki ke ana ʻia ke kiʻekiʻe o ke koko, akā ʻaʻole kēia he hoʻokolohua maʻamau hiki ke hana ʻia ma ke keʻena o ke kauka.ʻOiai inā hana ʻia ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, ʻaʻole maopopo i ke ʻano o nā hopena e pili ana i nā hopena olakino.