ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka Polymer Mahele 2

Ua hoʻohana ke kanaka i nā mea polymeric kūlohelohe e like me ka lāʻau, ka ʻili a me ka hulu hipa mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mōʻaukala, akā synthetic.polymershiki ke hiki wale ma hope o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻenehana rubber i nā makahiki 1800.Ua haku ʻia e John Wesley Hyatt i ka makahiki 1869, mai ka cellulose nitrate a me ka camphor ka Ž mua synthetic polymer material, celluloid.ʻO kahi holomua nui o nā polymers synthetic ka mea i hana ʻia e Leo Hendrik Baekeland i ka makahiki 1907. ʻO ka hana a Hermann Staudinger i nā makahiki 1920 ua hōʻike maopopo i ke ʻano macromolecular o nā kaulahao lōʻihi o nā ʻāpana hana hou. ʻāpana'.ʻO ka ulu wikiwiki o ka ʻoihana polymer i hoʻomaka koke ma mua o ke Kaua Honua ʻElua, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā polymers acrylic, polystyrene, nylon, polyurethanes a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana o polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene a me nā polymers ʻē aʻe i nā makahiki 1940 a me 1950.ʻOiai ma kahi o 1 miliona tons wale nō i hana ʻia i ka makahiki 1945, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana ʻana o nā plastics i ka nui ma mua o ke kila i ka makahiki 1981, a ke ulu mau nei ka hakahaka mai ia manawa mai.

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā Thermoplastics ma ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe.He kiʻekiʻe loa ko nā polymers i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a hōʻike i ke ʻano ʻoki ʻoki.Ke piʻi aʻe ka nui o ka ʻāhi ʻana, e emi ana ka viscosity, ma muli o ka alignment a me ka wehe ʻana o nā kaulahao molekala lōʻihi.E emi ana ka viscosity me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana.Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻano viscous, hōʻike nā polymers hehee i ka elasticity.ʻO ka elasticity ke kuleana no kekahi mau rheological phen- omena.1 ,5 – 7 ʻO kēia ka hoʻomaha hoʻomaha a me nā ʻokoʻa maʻamau.ʻO ka hoʻomaha hoʻomaha lohi ke kuleana no ka hau i nā koʻikoʻi i loko o nā huahana i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a extruded.ʻO nā ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi maʻamau ke kuleana no kekahi mau pilikia i ka wā e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ai ka pehu ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻonui nui ʻia i ka ʻāpana ʻāpana ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻia mai kahi make.

ʻO nā hana hoʻoili polymer koʻikoʻi ka extrusion a me ka hoʻoheheʻe injection.He mea koʻikoʻi ka extrusion a ʻo ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana he hana ikaika.ʻO kēia mau kaʻina hana ʻelua e pili ana i ke kaʻina o nā ʻanuʻu: (a) hoʻomehana a hoʻoheheʻe i ka polymer, (b) ka paila ʻana i ka polymer i ka hui hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, (c) hana i ka hehee i ke ʻano a me nā ana i makemake ʻia a (d) ka hoʻoluʻu a me ka paʻa. .ʻO nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka calendering, blow molding, thermoforming, compression molding a me rotational molding.Aia ma mua o 30 000 mau māka o nā polymers i hana ʻia e kēia mau ʻano.Hoʻoholo ʻia ke kūpono o kahi mea no kahi kaʻina hana ma muli o ka melt ow index (MFI, i kapa ʻia hoʻi melt ow rate a i ʻole MFR).He ana hoʻololi kēia o ka viscosity ma muli o kahi hoʻāʻo ʻino ʻole e pili ana i ka extrusion o kahi polymer ma o ka make o nā ana maʻamau ma lalo o ka hana a kahi paona i kuhikuhi ʻia. min.ʻO nā waiwai haʻahaʻa MFI ke ʻano o ka viscosity kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaumaha molecular kiʻekiʻe, a ʻo nā waiwai MFI kiʻekiʻe e hōʻike i ka ʻaoʻao.Eia ka laulā MFI maʻamau no kekahi mau kaʻina hana: extrusion 0 .01 – 10, injection molding 1 – 100, blow molding 0 .01 – 1, rotational molding 1.5 – 20.

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