ʻO nā laina laina i hana ʻia mai ka PTFE e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i nā kemika

ʻO nā hopena kemika, i hana ʻia ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana a me nā koi koi mai ka 260 °C / 200 bars, ʻo ia nā noi i hoʻolālā ʻia nā reactors Berghof.ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona kūikawā o Berghof reactors ko lākou ʻokoʻa, mānoanoa PTFE liner.ʻO nā ʻāpana āpau, i hui pū ʻia me ka media wai, i hana ʻia mai ka PTFE a i uhi ʻia me ka fluoropolymer.

Hoʻopili ʻia ka pale corrosion

ʻO kahi liner PTFE, he mau millimeters ka mānoanoa, e pale pono i ka reactor kila kila mai ka ʻinoʻino, ʻoiai e kūʻē i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e like me ka waikawa a me ka alkali.Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo PTFE e kona kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i nā mea kemika a pau, kahi e hiki ai ke hana me ka ʻole o nā alloys kūikawā nui, e like me hastelloy.Hoʻemi nui kēia i nā kumukūʻai kūʻai.ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka PTFE liners.ʻO nā catalysers metallic, e like me Pt, Rh, Raney Nickel etc. pili i nā reactors kila a paʻakikī loa e wehe.Ma nā hoʻokolohua aʻe e ulu mau ana ka nīnau inā he kumu maoli nā hopena i ʻike ʻia e ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka catalyser, nā hopena contamination a i ʻole nā ​​​​poisoning catalyst.Hoʻopau maikaʻi ʻia kēia pilikia ma o ka mālama ʻana i kahi liner PTFE no kēlā me kēia ʻano catalyser.

Hoʻohana ākea

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā reactors Berghof no nā kumu āpau;ʻO nā ʻāpana āpau e pili ana me ka pae wai e pale ʻia mai ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā kemika ma o nā fluoropolymers.Hoʻopaʻa hermetically ka liner a pili i loko o ka paia reactor e like me ka ʻili.No laila ʻokoʻa loa ia mai nā laina PTFE, i waiho ʻia i loko o ka reactor.Aia ka liner holoʻokoʻa i kahi hoʻokomo PTFE hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia, ka uhi uhi, ka paipu kulu a me nā ʻūhā agitator a me nā apo sealing PTFE.Hiki ke wehe ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana āpau a hoʻopaʻa hou ʻia no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana.ʻO ka mānoanoa o nā paia o ka liner e pili ana i ka leo reactor a ma waena o 1.6 a me 7.4 mm.He 3.7 mm ka mānoanoa o ka uhi o ka uhi.ʻO ka piʻi nui o ka hana o nā reactors he 200 bar a ʻo ka wela kiʻekiʻe no ka hana mau ʻana he 230 °C.No ka manawa pōkole (ʻo ia hoʻi, max. 60 min) hiki ke hoʻomehana ʻia ka reactor a hiki i 260 °C.ʻO nā wela kiʻekiʻe a me nā pae wela lōʻihi ma luna o 260 ° C e hōʻino i ka liner PTFE.Ma muli o kēia mau mahana hana kiʻekiʻe, lilo nā ʻāpana PTFE maʻamau i "hoʻololi";ʻaʻole naʻe nā ʻāpana Berghof.ʻAʻohe ʻaoʻao i makemake ʻia o kēia mau ʻāpana PTFE no ka mea, mahalo i ke ʻano hana hoʻoheheʻe isostatic i hoʻomohala ʻia e Berghof ʻaʻohe alakaʻi i makemake ʻia a hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou iho e nā coefficient hoʻonui like ma nā ʻaoʻao āpau o ka lewa.ʻO kahi "distortion" o nā ʻāpana, ʻoiai ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana a me ke kaomi ʻana pēlā.

Nā pōmaikaʻi o ka PTFE-lining:→ʻO ka ikaika hoʻonā kiʻekiʻe, pōkole a hiki i +260 °C→Paʻa paʻa a hiki i 200 bar→ʻO ke kū'ēʻana o ke ao holoʻokoʻa i nā kinikona, a hiki i nāʻakika ikaika a me ka alkali→ʻAʻole-corrosive→Kūʻokoʻa i ka haumia

ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka isostatic

,B Ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano hana hoʻoheheʻe hoʻokahi axis, ma ke ʻano maʻamau, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka mea i loko o kahi pahu me kahi plug ikaika.ʻAʻohe hoʻopiʻi hoʻopaʻa ʻaʻa i ke ala hoʻoemi.Ma ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, i ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe isostatic e hoʻopili ʻia ka ikaika i ka mea me ka like a me ka manawa like mai nā ʻaoʻao āpau o ka lewa ma o kahi ʻano hydraulic a hoʻopaʻa like ʻia.No laila, loaʻa ka hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi loa, ka hopena i ka porosity liʻiliʻi, kahi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili a me ka tensile kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikaika paʻa.ʻAʻohe kuhikuhi i makemake ʻia a mālama ʻia nā waiwai isotropic.ʻOi aku ka paʻa o ka tensile a me ka ikaika paʻa o ka mea ma nā ʻaoʻao āpau o ka lewa.

ʻO nā pōmaikaʻi maikaʻi no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka isostatic

Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia nā pōmaikaʻi o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka isostatic ma o nā kiʻi REM i hoʻonui ʻia.Ke hoʻonui ʻia i ka manawa 100 hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana granulate o ka mea kumu mua i ka PTFE inā ua hoʻokomo ʻia i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka axis hoʻokahi.Ma ka ʻokoʻa, hōʻike ʻo PTFE i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka isostatically i kahi hoʻolālā ʻili like ʻole.Ua like ia me ka TFM™ PTFE i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka axis hoʻokahi.Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa iā TFM™PTFE i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka isostati-cally compression-molded i kahi ʻano ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ka maʻalahi.Eia kekahi, ke hoʻonui ʻia i 2,500 mau manawa, ʻike ʻia nā hemahema o nā mea i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka axis hoʻokahi, ʻaʻole i loaʻa hou i loko o TFM™PTFE i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka isostatically.