He palekana anei ka PTFE?

ʻO ka PTFE, i haku ʻia e DuPont nui kemika honua i nā makahiki 1930, ua lilo ia i hōʻailona o ka ʻoluʻolu o ka lumi kuke e like me ke kāwili ʻana a me ka meaʻai.

Akā, hiki i ka PTFE ke hele mai i kahi hopena pa'a - no ka mea, ho'ohana ke ka'ina hana i kemika e hiki ke ho'oulu i ka ma'i 'a'ai, a makemake ka US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) e ho'opau 'ia ka ho'ohana 'ana i kēia kemika.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka kemika - i kapa ʻia he perfluorooctanoic acid, a i ʻole PFOA - e hana i nā pūhui i kapa ʻia nā fluoropolymers, i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i ka polymer a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe e like me ka aila a me ka wai-repellent coatings ma luna o ke kāpeti, textiles, ʻili a me ka pepa.

Ua ʻike ʻia ua laha ʻia ka PFOA i ke koko o ka lehulehu (ʻoiai ma nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa), kahi e noho ai a hiki i 10 mau makahiki ma mua o ka hoʻopau ʻia.I loko o nā holoholona hoʻokolohua, ua hōʻike ʻia ka PFOA i ke kumu o ka maʻi kanesa, ka pōʻino o ke ake, nā hemahema o ka ulu ʻana, ka pōʻino o ka ʻōnaehana pale a me ka make.ʻAʻohe hōʻike pololei he mea pōʻino ia i ke kanaka.

Ua noi ka EPA iā DuPont, a me ʻehiku mau hui ʻē aʻe e hoʻohana ana i ka PFOA i nā kaʻina hana, e hoʻopau i kāna hoʻohana.Ua ʻae ʻo DuPont e hana i nā hana e hōʻoia i ka makahiki 2015, ʻaʻole e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke kemika i loko o ke kaiapuni mai kāna mau mea hana hana, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia i ʻae e hoʻōki i ka hoʻohana ʻana, a i ʻole e hoʻōki i ka hana polymer.ʻO ka pilikia no Dupont, ʻo ia ke kū nei i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hana i ka polymer me ka ʻole o kēia kemika, ʻoiai ke ʻōlelo nei ke ʻimi nei i kahi mea pani.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia kekahi mau hōʻailona i ʻike ʻia e ka hui no kekahi manawa he pōʻino ka PFOA, akā hoʻohana mau ʻia.

I ka makahiki 2004, ua uku ʻo DuPont i $300 miliona ma ke ʻano he hoʻoponopono ma waho o ka ʻaha hoʻokolokolo ma kahi o 50,000 mau kamaʻāina e noho kokoke ana i kāna mea kanu ʻo West Virginia a nāna i hoʻopiʻi kūʻē i ka hui, me ka ʻōlelo ʻana he kuleana ia no ka hoʻohaumia ʻana i nā lako wai kūloko me ka PFOA. nā kīnā hānau a me nā pilikia olakino ʻē aʻe.Ua noho ka hui me ka ʻole e ʻae i ke kuleana.

Ma hope o kēia, i ka makahiki 2005, ua hoʻopaʻi ka EPA iā DuPont i ka huina o US $ 16.5 miliona ma hope o ka ʻike ʻana o ka hui i ʻike ʻia no ʻelua mau makahiki he ʻino ka PFOA, a ua noho mālie ʻo ia.

E kiola anei au i kaʻu pā palai ʻole?

I ka hiki ʻana i nā huahana non-stick iā lākou iho, ʻōlelo ʻo DuPont ʻaʻohe pilikia i nā mea kūʻai.ʻO ka PFOA, wahi a ka hui, hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana hana akā ua kipaku ʻia i waho i kēlā kaʻina hana.ʻAʻohe PFOA i koe i ka ʻili non-stick i ka huahana hope.

Ua ʻae ka EPA.'I kēia manawa, 'a'ole mana'o 'o EPA he kumu no ka ho'opau 'ana o ka po'e kū'ai i ka ho'ohana 'ana i nā mea kū'ai a i 'ole nā ​​huahana pili 'oihana i loa'a ka PFOA', wahi a ka pūnaewele puni honua o ka EPA.

Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā pā palai non-stick ke hoʻokuʻu i nā toxins.Ma nā wela kiʻekiʻe, ʻike ʻia ka polymer e hāʻawi i ka cocktail o 15 mau ʻano mea ʻawaʻawa a me nā kinoea, me ka trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) a me ka phosgene.Ua ʻike ʻia kēia mau mea ʻona i nā manu.A i loko o ke kanaka, loaʻa lākou i ke poʻo poʻo, ke anuanu, ka ʻeha hope, a me ke kuni - kahi maʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo 'polymer flu'.

Ua ʻae ʻo DuPont i kēia, akā ʻōlelo ʻo ia i loko o ke kanaka hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ke kūlana, a i kēlā me kēia hihia ke kū wale nei ia i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole i ka wā hoʻohana maʻamau.

ʻO kēia hoʻi ka naʻauao i ʻae ʻia i waena o nā hui kūʻai;ma Australia, no ka laʻana, i ka November 2004 'hōʻoia alanui' o non-stick frypans, ka Australian Consumers' Association i ʻōlelo ai:

'Oia'i'o, hiki ke hā'awi 'ia nā kinikini e like me ka trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) e kekahi mau pale i nā wela ki'eki'e loa.Akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hana ʻia i ka wā kuke maʻamau… ʻAʻole i hōʻike ʻia ka noiʻi i nā hopena pōʻino o ka TFA i nā kānaka.I kēia wā, ʻaʻohe mea hōʻike e pili ana ka kuke ʻana i ka lāʻau ʻole i kahi pilikia palekana.'

Ma kahi o 80 pākēneka o nā lako kīhini non-stick i kūʻai ʻia ma Australia e hoʻohana i ka polymer - hana ʻia ke koena e nā hui kemika ʻē aʻe e hoʻohana ana i kahi kaʻina like e pili ana i ka PFOA.ʻAʻohe mea hana polymer ma Australia.

Akā ʻo ka Environmental Working Group (EWG), kahi hui kūʻai kūʻai kūʻai kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa ʻole o ʻAmelika, hoʻopaʻapaʻa i kēia.Ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻomaka ana ka polima ma hope o ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana o ka mea kuke ma kahi o 260°C (500°F), a hoʻomaka e decompose nui ma luna o 350°C (660°F).E hoʻomaka ana ka ʻala a me ka puhi ʻana o ka momona kuke, ka ʻaila a me ka pata ma kahi o 200°C (392°F), a ʻai maʻamau ka ʻiʻo ma waena o 200-230°C (400-450°F), akā hiki ke maʻalahi nā wahi wela o ka pā. oi aku i keia wela.

Hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke kinoea i ka wā i waiho ʻole ʻia kahi pā polimer me ka mālama ʻole ʻia.Hiki i ka pā polimer ke piʻi i 383°C (721°F) i loko o ʻelima mau minuke i hoʻomehana ʻia ma luna o ka umu uila maʻamau, wahi a ka EWG.

E hoʻoholo nā mea kūʻai aku?

He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo ʻaʻole i hoʻomanaʻo ʻia kekahi huahana polymer ma US, Australia a i ʻole ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe.E pili ana i nā kino hoʻoponopono, palekana lākou - inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻae iā lākou e wela.

Akā ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi kemika i loko o ke kaʻina hana i ʻike ʻia ke kumu o ka maʻi kanesa, i ʻike ʻia e ka hui - me nā 'pilikia' o ka hui me ka EPA i ka wā ma mua - he hopena paha ia.

ʻO ka pilikia no nā hui e like me DuPont, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻopaʻi nui nei nā mea kūʻai aku i nā huahana i ka mākeke i ʻike ʻia he nīnau nīnau no ko lākou palekana, ʻoiai ʻo ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka ʻoihana ua palekana lākou, ʻoiai inā he mau mea kūʻai aku lākou.E noʻonoʻo i ka paka, ka meaʻai wikiwiki, a me nā cereals kakahiaka i hoʻonui ʻia i ke kō.