ʻO ka plastic thermoplastic, a i ʻole thermosoftening plastic, he mea ʻilika, he polymer, e lilo i pliable a i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma luna o kahi wela kikoʻī a paʻa i ka wā hoʻomaha.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā thermoplastics he paona molekala kiʻekiʻe.Hoʻohui ʻia nā kaulahao polymer ma waena o nā ikaika intermolecular, e nāwaliwali wikiwiki me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana, e hāʻawi ana i kahi wai viscous.No laila, hiki ke hoʻololi hou ʻia nā thermoplastics e ka hoʻomehana ʻana a hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia e hana i nā ʻāpana e nā ʻano hana hana polymer like ʻole e like me ka injection molding, compression molding, calendering, and extrusion.ʻOkoʻa nā Thermoplastics mai nā polymers thermosetting, ka mea i hana i nā paʻa kemika hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻōla ʻana.ʻAʻole hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā thermosets i ka wā i hoʻomehana ʻia: decome a ʻaʻole hoʻololi i ka wā hoʻomaha.
ʻAlika:ʻIke ʻia ʻo Acrylic, kahi polymer i kapa ʻia he poly (PMMA), e nā inoa kālepa e like me Lucite, Perspex a me Plexiglas.He pani pani ikaika ia no ke aniani no na mea e like me na aquarium, na hihihihi mahiole kaa kaa, na puka makani mokulele, na awa o na submersibles, a me na lens kukui o waho o na kaa.Hoʻohana nui ʻia e hana i nā hōʻailona, me ka leka a me nā logo.I ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka sima iwi a me ke pani ʻana i nā leki maka.ʻO ka pena Acrylic nā ʻāpana PMMA i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka wai.
ABS:ʻO Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) he terpolymer i hoʻohui ʻia mai ka styrene a me ka acrylonitrile i mua o ka polybutadiene.ʻO ABS kahi mea māmā māmā e hōʻike ana i ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī mechanical.He liʻiliʻi ka pilikia i ke olakino kanaka ma lalo o ka lawelawe maʻamau.Hoʻohana ʻia ia i nā huahana mea kūʻai aku, e like me nā mea pāʻani, nā mea hana, a me nā kelepona.
Nylon:Aia ka Nylon i kahi papa polymers i kapa ʻia he polyamides.Ua lawelawe ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he pani no ka hemp, pulupulu a me ka siliki, i nā huahana e like me nā parachutes, nā kaula, nā peʻa, nā lole flak a me nā lole wahine.He mea pono ka nylon fibers i ka hana ʻana i nā lole, ke kaula, nā kāpeti a me nā kaula mele, ʻoiai ma ke ʻano nui, hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Nylon no nā ʻāpana mechanical e like me nā wili mīkini, nā mīkini a me nā pahu mea hana mana.Eia kekahi, hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui i ka wela.
PLA:ʻO ka polylactic acid (polylactide) he polyester thermoplastic aliphatic biodegradable i loaʻa mai nā kumuwaiwai hou, e like me ka starch kulina (ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa), aʻa tapioka, chips a starch (ka hapa nui ma Asia), a i ʻole ke kō.ʻO ia kekahi o nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia no ka paʻi 3D me nā ʻenehana fused deposition modeling (FDM).
Polybenzimidazole:ʻO ka polybenzimidazole fiber he fiber synthetic me kahi helu heheʻe kiʻekiʻe loa.Loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa wela a me ke kemika a ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻā.Ua ʻike mua ʻia e ka ʻAmelika polymer chemist ʻo Carl Shipp Marvel i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā mea hou me ke kūpaʻa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ka paʻa ʻana o ka ʻoʻoleʻa, ka paʻakikī i ka wela kiʻekiʻe.Ma muli o kona kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe, hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Polybenzimidazole e hana i nā lole pale hana kiʻekiʻe e like me nā mea puhi ahi, nā lole mokulele astronaut, nā mīkina lima pale wela kiʻekiʻe, nā lole welders a me nā lole pā mokulele.I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ʻike ʻia ka polybenzimidazole i kona hoʻohana ʻana ma ke ʻano he membrane i loko o nā wahie.
Polycarbonate:ʻIke ʻia nā thermoplastics Polycarbonate (PC) ma lalo o nā hōʻailona e like me Lexan, Makrolon, Makroclear, a me arcoPlus.Hoʻohana maʻalahi lākou, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia no nā noi he nui, e like me nā ʻāpana uila, nā mea kūkulu hale, nā mea mālama ʻikepili, nā ʻāpana kaʻa a me nā mokulele, e nānā i nā kumu i loko o nā prosthetics, a me nā aniani palekana.ʻAʻole i loaʻa i nā polycarbonates kahi code ʻike resin kūʻokoʻa.Hiki i nā mea i hana ʻia mai ka polycarbonate ke loaʻa i ka precursor monomer bisphenol A (BPA).
Polyether sulfone:ʻO ka Polyether sulfone (PES) kahi papa o nā thermoplastics i hana ʻia me ka thermal kiʻekiʻe, oxidative, a me ka hydrolytic stability, a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi ʻana i nā ʻakika mineral aqueous, alkalis, nā paʻakai paʻakai, nā aila a me nā momona.
Polyoxymethylene:ʻO Polyoxymethylene (POM), i ʻike ʻia he acetal, polyacetal a me polyformaldehyde, he thermoplastic ʻenekinia i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻāpana kikoʻī e koi ana i ka ʻoʻoleʻa kiʻekiʻe, ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa.E like me nā polymers synthetic ʻē aʻe, hana ʻia ia e nā ʻoihana kemika ʻokoʻa me nā ʻano ʻokoʻa liʻiliʻi a kūʻai ʻia e nā inoa like ʻole e like me Delrin, Celcon, Ramtal, Duracon, Kepital a me Hostaform.
Ketone Polyetherether:ʻO ka polyether ether ketone(PEEK) he polymer thermoplastic kala ʻole i loko o ka ʻohana polyaryletherketone (PAEK), i hoʻohana ʻia i nā noi ʻenekinia.Ua hoʻolauna mua ʻia e Victrex PLC, a laila ICI (Imperial Chemical Industries) i nā makahiki 1980 mua.Loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai maikaʻi e like me ke kūpaʻa abrasion maikaʻi, haʻahaʻa flammability a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka uahi a me nā kinoea ʻona.
Polyetherimide:ʻO Polyetherimide (PEI), i hoʻopuka ʻia e kahi hopena hoʻoneʻe nitro hou e pili ana i ka bisphenol A, 4, 4'-methylenedianiline a me 3-nitrophthalic anhydride, he kiʻekiʻe ka wela distortion wela, ka ikaika tensile a me ka modulus.Hoʻohana maʻamau lākou i nā ʻāpana uila a me nā ʻāpana uila, nā mea hana microwave, a me nā ʻāpana kaʻa ma lalo o ka puʻu.
Polyethylene:ʻO ka polyethylene (polyethene, polythene, PE) he ʻohana ia o nā mea like i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e like me ko lākou ʻano a me ka molecular structure. ke kaʻina hana i hana ʻia.He kū'ē i ka makū a me ka hapa nui o nā kemika.Hiki ke maʻalahi i ka lumi wela.(a me ka wela haʻahaʻa) a hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka wela.
Polyphenylene oxide:ʻO ka Polyphenylene oxide (PPO), ka mea i loaʻa mai ka free-radical, step-growth oxidative coupling polymerization o 2,6-xylenol, he nui nā mea hoihoi e like me ka distortion wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikaika hopena, ke kūpaʻa kemika i ka mineral a me nā waikawa organik, a haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa wai.He paʻakikī ka PPO i ka hana, a no laila ua hana ʻia ka resin pāʻoihana (Noryl) ma ka hui ʻana i ka PPO me ka polystyrene kiʻekiʻe (HIPS), kahi e hoʻemi ai i ka mahana hana.
Polyphenylene sulfide:ʻO ka polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) i loaʻa ma ka condensation polymerization o p-dichlorobenzene a me ka sodium sulfide, he kūʻokoʻa kemika koʻikoʻi, nā waiwai uila maikaʻi, hoʻopaneʻe ahi maikaʻi, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka friction a me ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe i ka radiation microwave.Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka PPS i nā noi uhi.Hana ʻia kēia ma ke kāpī ʻana i kahi slurry wai o nā ʻāpana PPS a me ka hoʻomehana ʻana i nā mahana ma luna o 370°C.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā māka kikoʻī o ka PPS i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a me ka hoʻowili ʻana i nā mahana (300 a 370°C) kahi e palupalu ai nā ʻāpana PPS a e hoʻopili ʻia.ʻO nā noi nui o ka injection a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka PPS i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me nā mea kuke, nā bearings, a me nā ʻāpana pamu no ka lawelawe ʻana i nā wahi ʻino.
Polypropylene:Pono ka Polypropylene (PP) no nā huahana like ʻole e like me nā ipu meaʻai plastik hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia, microwave- a me ka ipu holoi holoi kīʻaha-palekana, ka diaper lining, sanitary pad lining and casing, kaula, carpets, plastic moldings, pipe system, batteries car, insulation for electrical nā kaula a me nā kānana no nā kinoea a me nā wai.I ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka mālama ʻana i ka hernia a me ka hana ʻana i nā mea lapaʻau pale wela.Hoʻohana ʻia nā pepa polypropylene no nā waihona waihona a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me nā pahu waihona.Ua wehewehe ʻia ka polypropylene e ka helu plastik recyclable 5. ʻOiai he ʻano inert, hiki ke hoʻohaumia i ka radiation ultraviolet a hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui i ka lā pololei.ʻAʻole like ka polypropylene i ka hopena e like me ka polyethylenes (HDPE, LDPE).He ʻano permeable nō hoʻi ia i nā kinoea a me nā wai.
Polystyrene:Hana ʻia ka Polystyrene i nā ʻano like ʻole i loaʻa nā noi like ʻole.Hoʻohana ʻia ka polystyrene extruded (PS) i ka hana ʻana i nā mea ʻoki hoʻopau, nā CD a me nā hihia DVD, nā hiʻohiʻona plastik o nā kaʻa a me nā waʻa, a me nā hale ʻike uahi.Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Expanded polystyrene foam (EPS) i ka hana ʻana i ka insulation a me nā mea hoʻopili, e like me ka "peanuts" a me ka molded foam i hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i nā huahana palupalu.Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Extruded polystyrene foam (XPS), i ʻike ʻia e ka inoa kālepa Styrofoam, e hana i nā kiʻi hoʻohālike a me nā kīʻaha inu no nā mea inu wela.Hoʻohana ʻia nā polystyrene copolymers i ka hana ʻana i nā mea pāʻani a me nā pahu huahana.
Polyvinyl chloride:ʻO ka Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) he mea paʻakikī a māmā i kū i nā ʻakika a me nā kumu.Hoʻohana ʻia ka hapa nui o ia mea e ka ʻoihana kūkulu, e like me ka vinyl siding, drainpipes, gutters a me nā pale uhi.Hoʻololi ʻia i nā ʻano maʻalahi me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā plasticizers, no laila e hoʻohana pono ai i nā mea e like me nā hoses, tubing, insulation uila, nā ʻaʻahu, nā lole a me nā upholstery.Hoʻohana ʻia ka PVC maʻalahi i nā huahana inflatable, e like me nā moena wai a me nā pāʻani wai.He mea maʻamau ka PVC i nā kiʻi hana vinyl, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma nā ʻāina e like me Iapana, kahi i hoʻohana nui ʻia ai ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Sofubi figures.ʻOiai e piʻo maʻalahi ka PVC a hiki ke piʻo i ka wā o ke kaʻa ʻana, ʻo ke ʻano o ka 'hoʻoponopono' ʻana i kēia deformation ʻo ia ka wela i ka plastic a hiki i ka lilo ʻana i ke kelepona, a laila 'hoihoi' i ka mea i kahi kūpono.
polimer:polymer he inoa inoa o DuPont no nā ʻano like ʻole o ka polymer polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), nona ka papa o nā thermoplastics.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-01-2018